Dark Energy and Neutrino Superfluids

Abstract

We show that the neutrino mass, the dark matter and the dark energy can be explained in a unified framework, postulating a new invisible Born-Infeld field, which we name "non-linear dark photon", undergoing a meV-scale dynamical transmutation and coupled to neutrinos. Dark energy genesis is dynamically explained as a byproduct of the dark photon condensation, inducing the bare massless neutrinos to acquire an effective mass around the meV scale. It is fascinating to contemplate the channel induced by the non-linear dark photon leading to the pairing of the non-relativistic neutrinos, hence generating a cosmological superfluid state. As a consequence, the appearance of a light neutrino composite boson is predicted, providing a good cold dark matter candidate. In particular, if our model is enriched by an extra global Lepton number $U_L(1)$ symmetry, then the neutrino pair can be identified with a composite Majoron field with intriguing phenomenological implications for the neutrinoless-double-beta-decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$). Our model carries interesting phenomenological implications since dark energy, dark matter and the neutrino mass are time-varying dynamical variables, as a consequence of the non-linear Born-Infeld interaction terms. Limits arising from PLANCK+SNe+BAO collaborations data are also discussed. Finally, our model allows for an inverse hierarchy of neutrino masses, with interesting implications for the JUNO experiment.