Rydberg state engineering: A comparison of tuning schemes for continuous frequency sensing

Abstract

On-resonance Rydberg atom-based radio-frequency (RF) electric field sensing methods remain limited by the narrow frequency signal detection bands available by resonant transitions. The use of an additional RF tuner field to dress or shift a target Rydberg state can be used to return a detuned signal field to resonance and thus dramatically extend the frequency range available for resonant sensing. Here we investigate three distinct tuning level schemes based on adjacent Rydberg transitions, which are shown to have distinct characteristics and can be controlled with mechanisms based on the tuning field frequency or field strength. We further show that a two-photon Raman feature can be used as an effective tuning mechanism separate from conventional Autler-Townes splitting. We compare our tuning schemes to AC Stark effect-based broadband RF field sensing and show that although the sensitivity is diminished as we tune away from a resonant state, it nevertheless can be used in configurations where there is a low density of Rydberg states, which would result in a weak AC Stark effect.