Quantitative asymptotic stability of the quasi-linearly stratified densities in the IPM equation on the three fundamental domains

Abstract

We analyze the asymptotic stability of the quasi-linearly stratified densities in the 2D inviscid incompressible porous medium equation on $\bbR^2$ with respect to the buoyancy frequency $N$. Our target density of stratification is the sum of the large background linear profile with its slope $N$ and the small perturbation that could be both non-linear and non-monotone. Quantification in $N$ will be performed not only on how large the initial density disturbance is allowed to be but also on how much the target densities can deviate from the purely linear density stratification without losing their stability. For the purely linear density stratification, our method robustly applies to the three fundamental domains $\bbR^2,$ $\bbT^2,$ and $\bbT\times[-1,1]$, improving both the previous result by Elgindi (On the asymptotic stability of stationary solutions of the inviscid incompressible porous medium equation, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 225(2), 573-599, 2017) on $\bbR^2$ and $\bbT^2$, and the study by Castro-C\'ordoba-Lear (Global existence of quasi-stratified solutions for the confined IPM equation. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 232(1), 437-471, 2019) on $\bbT\times[-1,1]$. The obtained temporal decay rates to the stratified density on $\bbR^2$ and to the newly found asymptotic density profiles on $\bbT^2$ and $\bbT\times[-1,1]$ are all sharp, fully realizing the level of the linearized system. We require the initial disturbance to be small in $H^m$ for any integer $m\geq 4$, which we even relax to any positive number $m>3$ via a suitable anisotropic commutator estimate.