The uncertainty principle and energy decay estimates of the fractional Klein-Gordon equation with space-dependent damping

Abstract

We consider the $s$-fractional Klein-Gordon equation with space-dependent damping on $\mathbb{R}^d$. Recent studies reveal that the so-called geometric control conditions (GCC) are closely related to semigroup estimates of the equation. Particularly, in the case $d = 1$, a necessary and sufficient condition for the exponential stability in terms of GCC is known for any $s > 0$. On the other hand, in the case $d \geq 2$ and $s \geq 2$, Green-Jaye-Mitkovski (2022) proved that an `$1$-GCC' is sufficient for the exponential stability, but also conjectured that it is not necessary if $s$ is sufficiently large. In this paper, we prove the equivalence between the exponential stability and a kind of the uncertainty principle in Fourier analysis. As a consequence of the equivalence, we show that the $1$-GCC is not necessary for the exponential stability in the case $s \geq 4$. Furthermore, we also establish an extrapolation result with respect to $s$. In particular, we can obtain the polynomial stability for the non-fractional case $s = 2$ from the exponential stability for some $s > 2$.