arXiv · 2303.01174
Cygnus X-3 revealed as a Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source by IXPE
Abstract
The accretion of matter by compact objects can be inhibited by radiation pressure if the luminosity exceeds the critical value, known as the Eddington limit. Discovery of ultraluminous X-ray sources has shown that accretion can proceed even when the apparent luminosity significantly exceeds this limit. High apparent luminosity might be produced thanks to geometric beaming of the radiation by an outflow. The outflow half-opening angle, which determines the amplification due to beaming, has never been robustly constrained. Using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, we made the measurement of X-ray polarization in the Galactic X-ray binary Cyg X-3. We find high, over 20%, nearly energy-independent linear polarization, orthogonal to the direction of the radio ejections. These properties unambiguously indicate the presence of a collimating outflow in the X-ray binary Cyg~X-3 and constrain its half-opening angle, <15 degrees. Thus, the source can be used as a laboratory for studying the super-critical accretion regime. This finding underscores the importance of X-ray polarimetry in advancing our understanding of accreting sources.
Explore related subjects
Keep this discovery
Alexandra Veledina, Fabio Muleri, Juri Poutanen, Jakub Podgorný, Michal Dovčiak, Fiamma Capitanio, Eugene Churazov, Alessandra De Rosa, Alessandro Di Marco, Sofia Forsblom, Philip Kaaret, Henric Krawczynski, Fabio La Monaca, Vladislav Loktev, Alexander A. Lutovinov, Sergey V. Molkov, Alexander A. Mushtukov, Ajay Ratheesh, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, James F. Steiner, Rashid A. Sunyaev, Sergey S. Tsygankov, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, Stefano Bianchi, Joe S. Bright, Nikolaj Bursov, Enrico Costa, Elise Egron, Javier A. Garcia, David A. Green, Mark Gurwell, Adam Ingram, Jari J. E. Kajava, Ruta Kale, Alex Kraus, Denys Malyshev, Frédéric Marin, Giorgio Matt, Michael McCollough, Ilia A. Mereminskiy, Nikolaj Nizhelsky, Giovanni Piano, Maura Pilia, Carlotta Pittori, Ramprasad Rao, Simona Righini, Paolo Soffitta, Anton Shevchenko, Jiri Svoboda, Francesco Tombesi, Sergei Trushkin, Peter Tsybulev, Francesco Ursini, Martin C. Weisskopf, Kinwah Wu, Iván Agudo, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccolò Bucciantini, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Chien-Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Ettore Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Niccolò Di Lalla, Immacolata Donnarumma, Victor Doroshenko, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, Wataru Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Vladimir Karas, Fabian Kislat, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Luca Latronico, Ioannis Liodakis, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Andrea Marinucci, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Francesco Massaro, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Michela Negro, Chi-Yung Ng. 2023-03-02. Cygnus X-3 revealed as a Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source by IXPE. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-024-02294-9
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.