Caract\'erisation et int\'egration de composants d'optique int\'egr\'ee sur l'interf\'erom\`etre fibr\'e FIRST au t\'elescope Subaru pour l'\'etude des protoplan\`etes en accr\'etion

Abstract

Protoplanets accreting matter seem to feature a strong emission at $\text{H}\alpha$ wavelength and the contrast of the system is then weaker at these wavelengths and thus more accessible. Measuring this emission from a protoplanet allow to characterize the accretion processes hence to study the mechanisms of planetary formation. The Fibered Interferometer foR a Single Telescope (FIRST) instrument uses the concept of fibered pupil remapping in the visible, integrated on the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) telescope. Its principle is to sub-divide the entrance pupil into sub-pupils whose beams are injected into single mode optical fibers. The lattest have the double advantage of applying a spatial filtering on the wavefront thus suppressing the optical aberrations at the scale of the sub-pupils, at the same time as the remapping of the sub-pupils. FIRST has demonstrated that it can detect stellar binaries at a resolution below the diffraction limit of the telescope with this concept. The replica of a new version of this instrument (FIRSTv2) has been built in laboratory to allow the development of the integrated optics technology. My thesis work demonstrates its feasibility for HRA imaging, in order to improve the contrast performances of the instrument. The fringes of each pair-wise combination of sub-pupils are measured via a temporal sampling and their phase are estimated. Data analysis estimates the spectral differential phase, which is a self-calibrated observable of the atmospheric and instrumental perturbations. Thus, from a protoplanetary source simulator, I was able to demonstrate that FIRSTv2 could detect a protoplanetary companion at a separation equivalent to 0.7 l / B from the central source, with a contrast of about 0.5. Finally, FIRSTv2 were integrated on the SCExAO bench for its first light.