Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2306.11701

Surface Direct Conversion of 511 keV Gamma Rays in Large-Area Laminated Multichannel-Plate Electron Multipliers

Kepler Domurat-Sousa·Cameron Poe·Henry J. Frisch·Bernhard W. Adams·Camden Ertley·Neal Sullivan
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

We have used the TOPAS simulation framework to model the direct conversion of 511 keV gamma rays to electrons in a micro-channel plate (MCP) constructed from thin laminae of a heavy-metal-loaded dielectric such as lead-glass, patterned with micro-channels (LMCP). The laminae serve as the converter of the gamma ray to a primary electron within a depth from a channel-forming surface such that the electron penetrates the channel surface (`surface direct conversion'). The channels are coated with a secondary-emitting material to produce electron multiplication in the channels. The laminae are stacked on edge with the channels running from the top of the resulting `slab' to the bottom; after assembly the slab is metalized top and bottom to form the finished LMCP. The shape of the perimeter of a lamina determines the dimensions of the slab at the lamina location in the slab, allowing non-uniform cross-sections in slab thickness, width, and length. The slab also can be non-planar, allowing curved surfaces in both lateral dimensions. The laminar construction allows incorporating structural elements in the LMCP for modular assembly in large-area arrays. The channels can be patterned on the laminae surfaces with internal shapes and structure, texture, and coatings optimized for specific applications and performance. The channels can be non-uniform across the LMCP and need not be parallel in either transverse direction. Surface direct conversion of the gamma ray to an electron eliminates the common two-step conversion of the gamma ray into an optical photon in a scintillator followed by the conversion of the photon into an electron in a photodetector. The simulations predict an efficiency for conversion of 511 keV gamma rays of $\gtrapprox$ 30\% for a 2.54 cm-thick lead-glass LMCP. The elimination of the photocathode allows assembly at atmospheric pressure.

Explore related subjects

hep-ex

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Kepler Domurat-Sousa, Cameron Poe, Henry J. Frisch, Bernhard W. Adams, Camden Ertley, Neal Sullivan. 2023-06-20. Surface Direct Conversion of 511 keV Gamma Rays in Large-Area Laminated Multichannel-Plate Electron Multipliers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168538

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Production of Light Nuclei and Hypernuclei in Heavy-Ion Collisions

We review recent STAR and ALICE measurements of light-nucleus and hypernucleus yields, femtoscopic correlations, and collective flow presented at SQM 2026. Statistical-hadronization calculations provide a useful baseline for integrated yields but do not simultaneously describe all measured light-nucleus ratios across collision energies and system sizes. For bound states with mass number $A<4$, current coalescence calculations provide a broadly consistent description of yields, femtoscopic correlations, and collective flow, although the quantitative hypertriton comparison depends on the assumed few-body wave function. The suppressed production of resonant $^{4}$Li relative to compact $^{4}$He indicates an effect of nuclear structure and late-stage dynamics. However, the quantitative model comparison also depends on the treatment of feed-down from unstable states. In high-multiplicity $p$+$p$ collisions, pion-deuteron femtoscopy further indicates that most observed (anti)deuterons are formed through nucleon fusion after strong decays of short-lived resonances. Taken together, these measurements show that production chronology and internal nuclear structure leave measurable imprints on the physics observables.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Search for the process $e^+e^-\to f_1(1285)$ at the SND detector

In the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider, a search is performed for the direct production of the $C$-even $f_1(1285)$ resonance in $e^+e^-$ collisions. The analysis is based on data with an integrated luminosity of about 200 pb$^{-1}$, accumulated in the center-of-mass energy range of 1.14--1.46 GeV, of which about 72 pb$^{-1}$ were recorded near the maximum of the $f_1(1285)$ resonance. The $f_1(1285)$ production cross section at the resonance maximum $\sigma(e^+e^-\to f_1)=(31\pm 13\pm 2)$ pb and the branching fraction $B(f_1(1285)\to e^+e^-)=(3.5\pm 1.4\pm 0.3)\times 10^{-9}$ have been measured. The significance of the observation of the $e^+e^-\to f_1(1285)$ process is $2.5\sigma$. Since the significance is low, we also present the upper limits at the 90% confidence level: $\sigma(e^+e^-\to f_1)<48\mbox{ pb}$ and $B(f_1(1285)\to e^+e^-)<5.4\times 10^{-9}$.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2026

Projected Sensitivity to Slow Muonphilic Dark Matter with Accelerator Muon Beams

The nature of dark matter (DM) remains one of the most enduring open questions in modern physics, and muonphilic DM has emerged as a promising scenario that complements traditional DM candidates. Following the recently established cosmic-ray muon scattering approach, we investigate the sensitivity for probing slow muonphilic DM with accelerator muon beams. A Geant4-based simulation framework is developed, incorporating the detector geometry from the PKMu muon tomography system and a dedicated elastic $\mu$-DM scattering process. The projected sensitivity is found to be largely insensitive to both the beam energy and the transverse beam size when the beam is fully contained within the detector acceptance. For a benchmark beam intensity of $10^5/\rm{s}$, the simulated pure-muon beam surpasses the existing cosmic-ray limit of $1.61\times10^{-17}$ cm$^2$ at $m_{\rm DM}=1$ GeV within approximately 11 seconds. A realistic muon beam phase-space distribution based on simulations for the High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is also implemented, yielding projected limits that improve upon the cosmic-ray results by nearly two orders of magnitude in a one-day exposure. These results demonstrate that a beam-muon scattering experiment offers a robust and promising route toward significantly improved sensitivity to slow muonphilic DM.

hep-ex↗