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arXiv · 2306.14960

Parton Distributions from Boosted Fields in the Coulomb Gauge

Xiang Gao·Wei-Yang Liu·Yong Zhao
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Abstract

We propose a new method to calculate parton distribution functions (PDFs) from lattice correlations of boosted quarks and gluons in the Coulomb gauge. Compared to the widely used gauge-invariant Wilson-line operators, these correlations greatly simplify the renormalization thanks to the absence of linear power divergence. Besides, they enable access to larger off-axis momenta under preserved 3D rotational symmetry, as well as enhanced long-range precision that facilitates the Fourier transform. We verify the factorization formula that relates this new observable to the quark PDF at one-loop order in perturbation theory. Moreover, through a lattice calculation of the pion valence quark PDF, we demonstrate the aforementioned advantage and features of the Coulomb gauge correlation and show that it yields consistent result with the gauge-invariant method. This opens the door to a more efficient way to calculate parton physics on the lattice.

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Xiang Gao, Wei-Yang Liu, Yong Zhao. 2023-06-26. Parton Distributions from Boosted Fields in the Coulomb Gauge. https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.14960

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