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arXiv · 2307.15024

The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the young, Hot Neptune AU Mic b

Keighley E. Rockcliffe·Elisabeth R. Newton·Allison Youngblood·Girish M. Duvvuri·Peter Plavchan·Peter Gao·Andrew W. Mann·Patrick J. Lowrance
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Abstract

Photoevaporation is a potential explanation for several features within exoplanet demographics. Atmospheric escape observed in young Neptune-sized exoplanets can provide insight into and characterize which mechanisms drive this evolution and at what times they dominate. AU Mic b is one such exoplanet, slightly larger than Neptune (4.19 Earth radii). It closely orbits a 23 Myr pre-Main Sequence M dwarf with a period of 8.46 days. We obtained two visits of AU Mic b at Lyman-alpha with HST/STIS. One flare within the first HST visit is characterized and removed from our search for a planetary transit. We present a non-detection in our first visit followed by the detection of escaping neutral hydrogen ahead of the planet in our second visit. The outflow absorbed about 30% of the star's Lyman-alpha blue-wing 2.5 hours before the planet's white-light transit. We estimate the highest velocity escaping material has a column density of 10^13.96 cm^-2 and is moving 61.26 km/s away from the host star. AU Mic b's large high energy irradiation could photoionize its escaping neutral hydrogen in 44 minutes, rendering it temporarily unobservable. Our time-variable Lyman-alpha transit ahead of AU Mic b could also be explained by an intermediate stellar wind strength from AU Mic that shapes the escaping material into a leading tail. Future Lyman-alpha observations of this system will confirm and characterize the unique variable nature of its Lyman-alpha transit, which combined with modeling will tune the importance of stellar wind and photoionization.

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Keighley E. Rockcliffe, Elisabeth R. Newton, Allison Youngblood, Girish M. Duvvuri, Peter Plavchan, Peter Gao, Andrew W. Mann, Patrick J. Lowrance. 2023-07-27. The Variable Detection of Atmospheric Escape around the young, Hot Neptune AU Mic b. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881%2Face536

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