High-$\beta$ lasing in photonic-defect semiconductor-dielectric hybrid microresonators with embedded InGaAs quantum dots

Kartik Gaur; Ching-Wen Shih; Imad Limame; Aris Koulas-Simos; Niels Heermeier; Chirag C. Palekar; Sarthak Tripathi; Sven Rodt; Stephan Reitzenstein

arXiv · 2309.10936

High-$\beta$ lasing in photonic-defect semiconductor-dielectric hybrid microresonators with embedded InGaAs quantum dots

Kartik Gaur·Ching-Wen Shih·Imad Limame·Aris Koulas-Simos·Niels Heermeier·Chirag C. Palekar·Sarthak Tripathi·Sven Rodt·Stephan Reitzenstein

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Abstract

We report an easy-to-fabricate microcavity design to produce optically pumped high-$\beta$ quantum dot microlasers. Our cavity concept is based on a buried photonic-defect for tight lateral mode confinement in a quasi-planar microcavity system, which includes an upper dielectric distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) as a promising alternative to conventional III-V semiconductor DBRs. Through the integration of a photonic-defect, we achieve low mode volumes as low as 0.28 $\mu$m$^3$, leading to enhanced light-matter interaction, without the additional need for complex lateral nanoprocessing of micropillars. We fabricate semiconductor-dielectric hybrid microcavities, consisting of Al$_{0.9}$Ga$_{0.1}$As/GaAs bottom DBR with 33.5 mirror pairs, dielectric SiO$_{2}$/SiN$_x$ top DBR with 5, 10, 15, and 19 mirror pairs, and photonic-defects with varying lateral size in the range of 1.5 $\mu$m to 2.5 $\mu$m incorporated into a one-$\lambda/n$ GaAs cavity with InGaAs quantum dots as active medium. The cavities show distinct emission features with a characteristic photonic defect size-dependent mode separation and \emph{Q}-factors up to 17000 for 19 upper mirror pairs in excellent agreement with numeric simulations. Comprehensive investigations further reveal lasing operation with a systematic increase (decrease) of the $\beta$-factor (threshold pump power) with the number of mirror pairs in the upper dielectric DBR. Notably, due to the quasi-planar device geometry, the microlasers show high temperature stability, evidenced by the absence of temperature-induced red-shift of emission energy and linewidth broadening typically observed for nano- and microlasers at high excitation powers.

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Kartik Gaur, Ching-Wen Shih, Imad Limame, Aris Koulas-Simos, Niels Heermeier, Chirag C. Palekar, Sarthak Tripathi, Sven Rodt, Stephan Reitzenstein. 2023-09-19. High-$\beta$ lasing in photonic-defect semiconductor-dielectric hybrid microresonators with embedded InGaAs quantum dots. https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.10936

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