Existence of Eigenvalues for Anisotropic and Fractional Anisotropic Problems via Ljusternik-Schnirelmann Theory

Abstract

In this work, our interest lies in proving the existence of critical values of the following Rayleigh-type quotients $$Q_{\mathbf p}(u) = \frac{\|\nabla u\|_{\mathbf p}}{\|u\|_{\mathbf p}},\quad\text{and}\quad Q_{\mathbf s,\mathbf p}(u) = \frac{[u]_{\mathbf s,\mathbf p}}{\|u\|_{\mathbf p}}, $$ where $\mathbf p = (p_1,\dots,p_n)$, $\mathbf s=(s_1,\dots,s_n)$ and $$ \|\nabla u\|_{\mathbf p} = \sum_{i=1}^n \|u_{x_i}\|_{p_i} $$ is an anisotropic Sobolev norm, $[u]_{\mathbf s,\mathbf p}$ is a fractional version of the same anisotropic norm, and $\|u\|_{\mathbf p}$ is an anisotropic Lebesgue norm. Using the Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we prove the existence of a sequence of critical values and we also find an associated Euler-Lagrange equation for critical points. Additionally, we analyze the connection between the fractional critical values and its local counterparts.