Tetraquark bound states in constituent quark models: benchmark test calculations

Abstract

We investigate the tetraquark bound states that are manifestly exotic using three distinct few-body methods: Gaussian Expansion Method (GEM), Resonating Group Method (RGM), and Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC). We refer to manifestly exotic states that do not involve a mixture with the conventional mesons through the creation and annihilation of $n\bar{n}$, where $n=u, d$. Our calculations are conducted with two types of quark models: the pure constituent quark model featuring one-gluon-exchange interactions and confinement interactions, and the chiral constituent quark model, supplemented by extra one-boson-exchange interactions. This study represents a comprehensive benchmark test of various few-body methods and quark models. Our findings reveal the superiority of GEM over RGM and DMC methods based on present implements for the tetraquark bound states. Additionally, we observe a tendency for the chiral quark model to overestimate the binding energies. We systematically explore the fully, triply, doubly, and singly heavy tetraquark states with $J^P=0^+,1^+,2^+$, encompassing over 150 states in total. We successfully identify several bound states, including $[cc\bar{n}\bar{n}]_{J^{P}=1^{+}}^{I=0}$, $[bb\bar{n}\bar{n}]_{J^{P}=1^{+}}^{I=0}$, $[bc\bar{n}\bar{n}]_{J^{P}=0^{+},1^{+},2^{+}}^{I=0}$, $[bs\bar{n}\bar{n}]_{J^{P}=0^{+},1^{+}}^{I=0}$, $[cs\bar{n}\bar{n}]_{J^{P}=0^{+}}^{I=0}$, and $[bb\bar{n}\bar{s}]_{J^{P}=1^{+}}$, all found to be bound states below the dimeson thresholds.