Smooth invariant foliations and Koopman eigenfunctions about stable equilibria of semiflows

Abstract

We consider a $C^r$ semiflow $\{ \varphi_t \}_{t \geq 0}$ on a Banach space $X$ admitting a stable fixed point $x$. We show, along the lines of the parameterization method (Cabr\'e et al., 2003), the existence of a $C^r$ invariant foliation tangent to $X_1$ at $x$, for an arbitrary $D \varphi_t(x)$-invariant subspace $X_1 \subset X$ satisfying some additional spectral conditions. Uniqueness ensues in a subclass of sufficiently smooth invariant foliations tangent to $X_1$ at $x$. We then draw relations to Koopman theory, and thereby establish the existence and uniqueness, in some appropriate sense, of $C^r$ Koopman eigenfunctions. We demonstrate that these results apply to the case of the Navier-Stokes system, the archetypal example considered by the modern upheaval of applied 'Koopmanism'.