Bifurcation for the Lotka-Volterra competition model

Abstract

We analyze the bifurcation phenomenon for the following two-component competition system: \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Delta u_1=\mu u_1(1-u_1)-\beta \alpha u_1u_2,& \text{in}\ B_1\subset \mathbb{R}^N, -\Delta u_2=\sigma u_2(1-u_2)-\beta \gamma u_1u_2,& \text{in}\ B_1\subset \mathbb{R}^N, \frac{\partial u_1}{\partial n}= \frac{\partial u_2}{\partial n} =0,&\text{on}\ \partial B_1, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $N\ge 2$, $\alpha>\gamma>0$, $\sigma\ge\mu>0$ and $\beta>\frac{\sigma}{\gamma}$. More precisely, treating $\beta$ as the bifurcation parameter, we initially perform a local bifurcation analysis around the positive constant solutions, obtaining precise information of where bifurcation could occur, and determine the direction of bifurcation. As a byproduct, the instability of the constant solution is provided. Furthermore, we extend our exploration to the global bifurcation analysis. Lastly, under the condition $\sigma=\mu$, we demonstrate the limiting configuration on each bifurcation branch as the competition rate $\beta\rightarrow+\infty$.