Fast algorithms to improve fair information access in networks

Abstract

We consider the problem of selecting $k$ seed nodes in a network to maximize the minimum probability of activation under an independent cascade beginning at these seeds. The motivation is to promote fairness by ensuring that even the least advantaged members of the network have good access to information. Our problem can be viewed as a variant of the classic influence maximization objective, but it appears somewhat more difficult to solve: only heuristics are known. Moreover, the scalability of these methods is sharply constrained by the need to repeatedly estimate access probabilities. We design and evaluate a suite of $10$ new scalable algorithms which crucially do not require probability estimation. To facilitate comparison with the state-of-the-art, we make three more contributions which may be of broader interest. We introduce a principled method of selecting a pairwise information transmission parameter used in experimental evaluations, as well as a new performance metric which allows for comparison of algorithms across a range of values for the parameter $k$. Finally, we provide a new benchmark corpus of $174$ networks drawn from $6$ domains. Our algorithms retain most of the performance of the state-of-the-art while reducing running time by orders of magnitude. Specifically, a meta-learner approach is on average only $20\%$ less effective than the state-of-the-art on held-out data, but about $75-130$ times faster. Further, the meta-learner's performance exceeds the state-of the-art on about $20\%$ of networks, and the magnitude of its running time advantage is maintained on much larger networks.