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arXiv · 2409.04343

Exploring nuclear structure with multiparticle azimuthal correlations at the LHC

ALICE Collaboration
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Abstract

Details of the nuclear structure of $^{\rm 129}$Xe, such as the quadrupole deformation and the nuclear diffuseness, are studied by extensive measurements of anisotropic-flow-related observables in Xe--Xe collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}~=~5.44$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The results are compared with those from Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}~=~5.02$ TeV for a baseline, given that the $^{\rm 208}$Pb nucleus exhibits a very weak deformation. Furthermore, comprehensive comparisons are performed with a state-of-the-art hybrid model using IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD. It is found that among various IP-Glasma+MUSIC+UrQMD calculations with different values of nuclear parameters, the one using a nuclear diffuseness parameter of $a_0=0.492$ and a nuclear quadrupole deformation parameter of $\beta_2=0.207$ provides a better description of the presented flow measurements. These studies represent the first systematic exploration of nuclear structure at TeV energies, utilizing a comprehensive set of anisotropic flow observables. The measurements serve as a critical experimental benchmark for rigorously testing the interplay between nuclear structure inputs and heavy-ion theoretical models.

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ALICE Collaboration. 2024-09-06. Exploring nuclear structure with multiparticle azimuthal correlations at the LHC. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2025.139855

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