Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2411.11030

IREE Oriented Active RIS-Assisted Green communication System with Outdated CSI

Kai Cao·Tao Yu·Jihong Li·Xiaojing Chen·Yanzan Sun·Qingqing Wu·Wen Chen·Shunqing Zhang
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The rapid evolution of communication technologies has spurred a growing demand for energy-efficient network architectures and performance metrics. Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are emerging as a key component in green network architectures. Compared to passive RIS, active RIS are equipped with amplifiers on each reflecting element, allowing them to simultaneously reflect and amplify signals, thereby overcoming the double multiplicative fading in the phase response, and improving both system coverage and performance. Additionally, the Integrated Relative Energy Efficiency (IREE) metric, as introduced in [1], addresses the dynamic variations in traffic and capacity over time and space, enabling more energy-efficient wireless systems. Building on these advancements, this paper investigates the problem of maximizing IREE in active RIS-assisted green communication systems. However, acquiring perfect Channel State Information (CSI) in practical systems poses significant challenges and costs. To address this, we derive the average achievable rate based on outdated CSI and formulated the corresponding IREE maximization problem, which is solved by jointly optimizing beamforming at both the base station and RIS. Given the non-convex nature of the problem, we propose an Alternating Optimization Successive Approximation (AOSO) algorithm. By applying quadratic transform and relaxation techniques, we simplify the original problem and alternately optimize the beamforming matrices at the base station and RIS. Furthermore, to handle the discrete constraints of the RIS reflection coefficients, we develop a successive approximation method. Experimental results validate our theoretical analysis of the algorithm's convergence , demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and highlighting the superiority of IREE in enhancing the performance of green communication networks.

Explore related subjects

eess.SP

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Kai Cao, Tao Yu, Jihong Li, Xiaojing Chen, Yanzan Sun, Qingqing Wu, Wen Chen, Shunqing Zhang. 2024-11-17. IREE Oriented Active RIS-Assisted Green communication System with Outdated CSI. https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.11030

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Load Balancing in Multi-Shell LEO Satellite Networks with Successive Interference Cancellation

Multi-shell low Earth orbit (LEO) networks can increase service opportunities, but altitude-dependent propagation can concentrate traffic on lower shells and create strong inter-shell interference under full frequency reuse. This paper develops a mathematical framework for load balancing in multi-shell LEO satellite networks. Satellites on each shell form an independent spherical Poisson point process (SPPP), and the typical user associates with one of the per-shell serving satellites through a shell-dependent biased received-power rule, with receiver-side successive interference cancellation (SIC) under full frequency reuse. Shell-wise association probabilities, conditioned serving-distance distributions, and the rate coverage probability under shell-dependent traffic loads are derived and validated by simulation. The results show that shell-dependent biasing alleviates lower-shell traffic concentration and improves rate coverage, while receiver-side SIC mitigates the dominant lower-shell interference experienced by users associated with upper shells. Load balancing provides its largest rate-coverage gain in traffic hotspots, while SIC becomes more valuable as receive-side isolation weakens. With a fixed satellite budget, distributing satellites across multiple shells can further improve hotspot rate coverage by adding shell-wise serving opportunities.

eess.SP↗
arXiv2026

Tensor Decomposition Based Mixed-Field Sensing for XL-MIMO AFDM Systems

Integrated sensing and communications enabled by extremely large-scale MIMO (XL-MIMO) and affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) is a highly promising paradigm for vehicular networks. However, the near-field spherical wavefront distortions induce severe non-linear parameter coupling, while the highly dynamic scattering environments exacerbate mismatch errors. To address these critical challenges, this paper proposes a novel tensor-based sensing scheme for XL-MIMO AFDM systems. First, the received signals are reformulated into a tensor, followed by an efficient decomposition approach that exploits the inherent Vandermonde structure of the factor matrices. This allows parameters to be directly estimated from the decomposed matrices, effectively avoiding inter-parameter coupling. Subsequently, a symmetric decoupling and real-domain manifold optimization algorithm is proposed for angle of arrival estimation, circumventing the high-dimensional searches typically induced by near-field effects. Furthermore, a baseband reconstruction and analytical gradient-based algorithm is developed to perform delay-Doppler estimation in the continuous parameter domain, fundamentally eradicating the grid-mismatch errors inherent in high-mobility scenarios. With these decoupled factors, the remaining unknown angle of departure can be readily extracted. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves orders-of-magnitude improvements in delay-Doppler accuracy and eliminates the error floors in angular estimation that severely bottleneck state-of-the-art baselines.

eess.SP↗
arXiv2026

Radio Map Construction with Post-Hoc Location Calibration under Quasi-Static Positioning Errors: Joint Estimation, Performance Bounds, and GNSS-Based Evaluation

Radio maps enable environment-aware wireless and Internet-of-Things applications and can be constructed from location-tagged received signal strength (RSS) measurements collected by mobile devices. In urban environments, temporally correlated GNSS errors can shift an entire sensing trajectory, causing systematic spatial misregistration that is not mitigated by collecting more measurements. This paper presents a radio-map construction framework that uses the radio measurements themselves to calibrate erroneous location tags after data collection. The dominant positioning error is modeled as a sensor-specific quasi-static offset, which is jointly estimated with radio-propagation parameters in a Gaussian process regression (GPR) framework by exploiting complementary spatial information from distance-dependent path loss and spatially correlated shadowing. We establish lower and upper bounds on the conditional Bayes risk and show that, under a translation-invariant trajectory model, trajectory information alone cannot identify the quasi-static offset, thereby motivating the use of RSS-derived spatial information for calibration. Numerical evaluations across propagation conditions show that the proposed method reduces the mean squared error (MSE) gap from ideal GPR to approximately $3.26\mathrm{dB}^2$, compared with about $10\mathrm{dB}^2$ for position-error-agnostic and noisy-input GPR baselines. Evaluation using positioning-error models derived from smartphone GNSS measurements shows that the proposed method outperforms a KF--RTS trajectory-smoothing baseline despite unmodeled time-varying positioning errors, remaining within approximately $5\mathrm{dB}^2$ of ideal GPR at the median MSE. These results demonstrate that RSS measurements can serve not only as observations for radio-map reconstruction but also as spatial cues for post-hoc calibration of imperfectly geotagged sensing data.

eess.SP↗