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arXiv · 2501.12613

Study of the IC 443 region with the HAWC observatory

R. Alfaro·C. Alvarez·M. Araya·J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez·D. Avila Rojas·H. A. Ayala Solares·R. Babu·A. Bernal·K. S. Caballero-Mora·T. Capistran·A. Carramiñana·S. Casanova·U. Cotti·J. Cotzomi·S. Coutiño de León·E. De la Fuente·D. Depaoli·P. Desiati·N. Di Lalla·R. Diaz Hernandez·B. L. Dingus·M. A. DuVernois·J. C. Díaz-Vélez·T. Ergin·C. Espinoza·K. Fang·N. Fraija·S. Fraija·J. A. García-González·H. Goksu·J. A. González-Cervera·M. M. González·J. A. Goodman·S. Groetsch·J. P. Harding·S. Hernández-Cadena·I. Herzog·J. Hinton·D. Huang·F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla·P. Hüntemeyer·S. Kaufmann·A. Lara·J. Lee·H. León Vargas·J. T. Linnemann·A. L. Longinotti·G. Luis-Raya·K. Malone·O. Martinez·J. Martínez-Castro·J. A. Matthews·P. Miranda-Romagnoli·J. A. Montes·J. A. Morales-Soto·E. Moreno·M. Mostafá·M. Najafi·L. Nellen·M. U. Nisa·R. Noriega-Papaqui·L. Olivera-Nieto·N. Omodei·M. Osorio·E. Ponce·Y. Pérez Araujo·E. G. Pérez-Pérez·C. D. Rho·D. Rosa-González·M. Roth·E. Ruiz-Velasco·H. Salazar·A. Sandoval·M. Schneider·G. Schwefer·J. Serna-Franco·A. J. Smith·Y. Son·R. W. Springer·O. Tibolla·K. Tollefson·I. Torres·R. Torres-Escobedo·R. Turner·X. Wang·Z. Wang·I. J. Watson·H. Wu·S. Yu·S. Yun-Cárcamo·H. Zhou·C. de León
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Abstract

Supernova remnants are one potential source class considered a PeVatron (i.e. capable of accelerating cosmic rays above PeV energies). The shock fronts produced after the explosion of the supernova are ideal regions for particle acceleration. IC 443 is a supernova remnant that has been studied extensively at different wavelengths. Using 2966 days of gamma-ray data from the HAWC observatory, we study the emission of IC 443 with the objective of finding signatures of cosmic-ray acceleration at the PeV scale. Using a maximum likelihood method, we find a point source located at ($\alpha$=94.42$^{\circ}$, $\delta$=22.35$^{\circ}$) that we associate with IC 443. The measured spectrum is a simple power law with an index of $-3.14\pm$0.18, which is consistent with previous TeV observations. Although we cannot confirm that IC 443 is a hadronic PeVatron, we do not find any sign that the spectrum has a cut off at tens of TeV energies, with the spectrum extending to $\sim$30 TeV. Furthermore, we also find a new extended component in the region whose emission is described by a simple power law with an index of $-2.49\pm$0.08 and which we call HAWC J0615+2213. While we show evidence that this new source might be a new TeV halo, we defer a detailed analysis of this new source to another publication.

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R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, M. Araya, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, A. Bernal, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistran, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, D. Depaoli, P. Desiati, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, T. Ergin, C. Espinoza, K. Fang, N. Fraija, S. Fraija, J. A. García-González, H. Goksu, J. A. González-Cervera, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernández-Cadena, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Montes, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, M. Najafi, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, M. Osorio, E. Ponce, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, M. Roth, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, G. Schwefer, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, X. Wang, Z. Wang, I. J. Watson, H. Wu, S. Yu, S. Yun-Cárcamo, H. Zhou, C. de León. 2025-01-22. Study of the IC 443 region with the HAWC observatory. https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12613

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