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arXiv · 2501.12826

Open or Closed LLM for Lesser-Resourced Languages? Lessons from Greek

John Pavlopoulos·Juli Bakagianni·Kanella Pouli·Maria Gavriilidou
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Abstract

Natural Language Processing (NLP) for lesser-resourced languages faces persistent challenges, including limited datasets, inherited biases from high-resource languages, and the need for domain-specific solutions. This study addresses these gaps for Modern Greek through three key contributions. First, we evaluate the performance of open-source (Llama-70b) and closed-source (GPT-4o mini) large language models (LLMs) on seven core NLP tasks with dataset availability, revealing task-specific strengths, weaknesses, and parity in their performance. Second, we expand the scope of Greek NLP by reframing Authorship Attribution as a tool to assess potential data usage by LLMs in pre-training, with high 0-shot accuracy suggesting ethical implications for data provenance. Third, we showcase a legal NLP case study, where a Summarize, Translate, and Embed (STE) methodology outperforms the traditional TF-IDF approach for clustering \emph{long} legal texts. Together, these contributions provide a roadmap to advance NLP in lesser-resourced languages, bridging gaps in model evaluation, task innovation, and real-world impact.

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John Pavlopoulos, Juli Bakagianni, Kanella Pouli, Maria Gavriilidou. 2025-01-22. Open or Closed LLM for Lesser-Resourced Languages? Lessons from Greek. https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12826

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