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arXiv · 2501.14576

Dynamic Modeling and Control of Multi-Stack Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems with Shared Gas Separators and Lye Circulation:Industrial Data-Based Validation and Simulation

Yiwei Qiu·Jiatong Li·Yangjun Zeng·Yi Zhou·Shi Chen·Xiaoyan Qiu·Buxiang Zhou·Ge He·Xu Ji·Wenying Li
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Abstract

An emerging approach for large-scale renewable hydrogen production is integrating multiple alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) stacks into one balance-of-plant (BoP) system, sharing gas-lye separation and lye circulation components. While this configuration, termed $N$-in-1, reduces cost and complexity, its dynamic performance under fluctuating power remains unclear compared with conventional 1-in-1 systems. This paper develops a state-space model of the multi-stack AWE system, capturing lye circulation, temperature, and hydrogen-to-oxygen (HTO) dynamics, calibrated via experiments on a 4,000 Nm$^3$/h-rated 4-in-1 system. A mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP)-based predictive controller is then designed to coordinate inter-stack current distribution, lye flow, and cooling for load tracking and operational stability. Simulations on the experimentally validated model show that a $4$-in-1 system achieves similar performance compared to four parallel 1-in-1 systems under continuous operation. Differences in load-tracking, temperature stabilization errors, and specific energy consumption remain below 0.015 MW, 0.346 K, and 0.001 kWh/Nm$^3$ under wind power supply when all stacks remain online.

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Yiwei Qiu, Jiatong Li, Yangjun Zeng, Yi Zhou, Shi Chen, Xiaoyan Qiu, Buxiang Zhou, Ge He, Xu Ji, Wenying Li. 2025-01-24. Dynamic Modeling and Control of Multi-Stack Alkaline Water Electrolysis Systems with Shared Gas Separators and Lye Circulation:Industrial Data-Based Validation and Simulation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14576

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