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arXiv · 2502.02998

Conformal Uncertainty Indicator for Continual Test-Time Adaptation

Fan Lyu·Hanyu Zhao·Ziqi Shi·Ye Liu·Fuyuan Hu·Zhang Zhang·Liang Wang
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Abstract

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt models to sequentially changing domains during testing, relying on pseudo-labels for self-adaptation. However, incorrect pseudo-labels can accumulate, leading to performance degradation. To address this, we propose a Conformal Uncertainty Indicator (CUI) for CTTA, leveraging Conformal Prediction (CP) to generate prediction sets that include the true label with a specified coverage probability. Since domain shifts can lower the coverage than expected, making CP unreliable, we dynamically compensate for the coverage by measuring both domain and data differences. Reliable pseudo-labels from CP are then selectively utilized to enhance adaptation. Experiments confirm that CUI effectively estimates uncertainty and improves adaptation performance across various existing CTTA methods.

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Fan Lyu, Hanyu Zhao, Ziqi Shi, Ye Liu, Fuyuan Hu, Zhang Zhang, Liang Wang. 2025-02-05. Conformal Uncertainty Indicator for Continual Test-Time Adaptation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.02998

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