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arXiv · 2502.03853

VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in response to an IceCube neutrino alert

Atreya Acharyya·Colin B. Adams·Priyadarshini Bangale·J. T. Bartkoske·Wystan Benbow·James H. Buckley·Yu Chen·Jodi Christiansen·Alisha Chromey·Anne Duerr·Manel Errando·Miguel E. Godoy·Abe Falcone·Qi Feng·Juniper Foote·Lucy Fortson·Amy Furniss·William Hanlon·David Hanna·Olivier Hervet·Claire E. Hinrichs·Jamie Holder·Thomas B. Humensky·Weidong Jin·Madalyn N. Johnson·Philip Kaaret·Mary P. Kertzman·Maria Kherlakian·David Kieda·Tobias K. Kleiner·Mx. Nikolas Korzoun·Frank Krennrich·Sajan Kumar·Mark J. Lang·Matthew Lundy·Conor McGrath·Eileen T. Meyer·Matthew J. Millard·John Millis·Connor Mooney·Patrick Moriarty·Reshmi Mukherjee·Wenmeng Ning·Stephan O'Brien·Rene A. Ong·Martin Pohl·Elisa Pueschel·John Quinn·Pazit L. Rabinowitz·Ken Ragan·Paul Reynolds·Deivid Ribeiro·Emmet Thomas Roache·Jamie L. Ryan·Iftach Sadeh·Alberto Sadun·Lab Saha·Marcos Santander·Glenn H. Sembroski·Ruo-Yu Shang·Megan Splettstoesser·Donggeun Tak·Anjana K. Talluri·James V. Tucci·Janeth Valverde·David A. Williams·Sam L. Wong·Jooyun Woo·R. Abbasi·M. Ackermann·J. Adams·S. K. Agarwalla·J. A. Aguilar·M. Ahlers·J. M. Alameddine·N. M. Amin·K. Andeen·C. Argüelles·Y. Ashida·S. Athanasiadou·S. N. Axani·R. Babu·X. Bai·A. Balagopal V.·M. Baricevic·S. W. Barwick·S. Bash·V. Basu·R. Bay·J. J. Beatty·J. Becker Tjus·J. Beise·C. Bellenghi·S. BenZvi·D. Berley·E. Bernardini·D. Z. Besson·E. Blaufuss·L. Bloom·S. Blot
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Abstract

While the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are still largely unknown, one of the promising methods used towards understanding this is investigating the potential temporal and spatial correlations between neutrino alerts and the electromagnetic radiation from blazars. We report on the multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar B3 2247+381, taken in response to an IceCube multiplet alert for a cluster of muon neutrino events compatible with the source location between May 20, 2022 and November 10, 2022. B3 2247+381 was not detected with VERITAS during this time period. The source was found to be in a low-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet and gamma-ray bands for the time interval corresponding to the neutrino event, but was detected in the hard X-ray band with NuSTAR during this period. We find the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution is well described using a simple one-zone leptonic synchrotron self-Compton radiation model. Moreover, assuming the neutrinos originate from hadronic processes within the jet, the neutrino flux would be accompanied by a photon flux from the cascade emission, and the integrated photon flux required in such a case would significantly exceed the total multiwavelength fluxes and the VERITAS upper limits presented here. The lack of flaring activity observed with VERITAS, combined with the low multiwavelength flux levels, and given the significance of the neutrino excess is at 3$\sigma$ level (uncorrected for trials), makes B3 2247+381 an unlikely source of the IceCube multiplet. We conclude that the neutrino excess is likely a background fluctuation.

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Atreya Acharyya, Colin B. Adams, Priyadarshini Bangale, J. T. Bartkoske, Wystan Benbow, James H. Buckley, Yu Chen, Jodi Christiansen, Alisha Chromey, Anne Duerr, Manel Errando, Miguel E. Godoy, Abe Falcone, Qi Feng, Juniper Foote, Lucy Fortson, Amy Furniss, William Hanlon, David Hanna, Olivier Hervet, Claire E. Hinrichs, Jamie Holder, Thomas B. Humensky, Weidong Jin, Madalyn N. Johnson, Philip Kaaret, Mary P. Kertzman, Maria Kherlakian, David Kieda, Tobias K. Kleiner, Mx. Nikolas Korzoun, Frank Krennrich, Sajan Kumar, Mark J. Lang, Matthew Lundy, Conor McGrath, Eileen T. Meyer, Matthew J. Millard, John Millis, Connor Mooney, Patrick Moriarty, Reshmi Mukherjee, Wenmeng Ning, Stephan O'Brien, Rene A. Ong, Martin Pohl, Elisa Pueschel, John Quinn, Pazit L. Rabinowitz, Ken Ragan, Paul Reynolds, Deivid Ribeiro, Emmet Thomas Roache, Jamie L. Ryan, Iftach Sadeh, Alberto Sadun, Lab Saha, Marcos Santander, Glenn H. Sembroski, Ruo-Yu Shang, Megan Splettstoesser, Donggeun Tak, Anjana K. Talluri, James V. Tucci, Janeth Valverde, David A. Williams, Sam L. Wong, Jooyun Woo, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, S. N. Axani, R. Babu, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, S. Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot. 2025-02-06. VERITAS and multiwavelength observations of the Blazar B3 2247+381 in response to an IceCube neutrino alert. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357%2Fadb30c

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