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arXiv · 2502.11530

Non-equilibrium distribution function in ultra-fast processes

K. S. Glavatskiy
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Abstract

A simple expression for the non-equilibrium distribution function in ultra-fast transient processes is proposed. Postulating its dependence on temporal derivatives of the equilibrium integrals of motion, non-equilibrium analogues of the thermodynamic relationships are derived and the conditions that maximize the non-equilibrium entropy are identified. A rigorous threshold between ``slow" and ``fast" processes is suggested, identifying the range of applicability of classical quasi-equilibrium description. The proposed theory is validated by deriving the known law of inertial heat conduction, which accounts for finite speed of thermal propagation. Finally, a new expression for the non-equilibrium work is derived, revealing two kinds of pressure that emerge in fast non-equilibrium.

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K. S. Glavatskiy. 2025-02-17. Non-equilibrium distribution function in ultra-fast processes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11530

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