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arXiv · 2502.14563

Plan-over-Graph: Towards Parallelable LLM Agent Schedule

Shiqi Zhang·Xinbei Ma·Zouying Cao·Zhuosheng Zhang·Hai Zhao
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Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities in reasoning for task planning. However, challenges remain under-explored for parallel schedules. This paper introduces a novel paradigm, plan-over-graph, in which the model first decomposes a real-life textual task into executable subtasks and constructs an abstract task graph. The model then understands this task graph as input and generates a plan for parallel execution. To enhance the planning capability of complex, scalable graphs, we design an automated and controllable pipeline to generate synthetic graphs and propose a two-stage training scheme. Experimental results show that our plan-over-graph method significantly improves task performance on both API-based LLMs and trainable open-sourced LLMs. By normalizing complex tasks as graphs, our method naturally supports parallel execution, demonstrating global efficiency. The code and data are available at https://github.com/zsq259/Plan-over-Graph.

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Shiqi Zhang, Xinbei Ma, Zouying Cao, Zhuosheng Zhang, Hai Zhao. 2025-02-20. Plan-over-Graph: Towards Parallelable LLM Agent Schedule. https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.14563

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