Relationship between haptotaxis and chemotaxis in cell dynamics

Abstract

Cell sorting mediated by direct cell--cell contact or cellular protrusions can be described by nonlocal cell--cell adhesion models of haptotaxis type, whereas communication through diffusible chemical signals is described by Keller--Segel type chemotaxis systems. We investigate the mathematical relationship between these two descriptions. We first prove that, in the fast signal diffusion limit, subsequences of weak solutions of a Keller--Segel type parabolic--parabolic chemotaxis system with possibly degenerate nonlinear diffusion and density saturation converge to weak solutions of the corresponding parabolic--elliptic system. Eliminating the elliptic chemical fields rewrites the population equation as a nonlocal adhesion model whose interaction kernel is a finite linear combination of Green functions. We then prove, in arbitrary spatial dimensions, that the periodization of the gradient of a prescribed radially symmetric interaction potential can be approximated by finite linear combinations of gradients of Green functions. Combining these results, we prove that suitable weak solutions of the nonlocal adhesion model and a parabolic--parabolic chemotaxis system can be chosen with an arbitrarily small difference over any fixed finite time interval. Numerical simulations compare the nonlocal, parabolic--elliptic, and parabolic--parabolic models and examine how the number of kernel terms and the relaxation time affect their differences.