Velocity Averaging for the Wigner Kinetic Equation in the Semiclassical Regime

Abstract

This paper discusses the possibility of applying the velocity averaging theorems in [F. Golse, P.-L. Lions, B. Perthame, R. Sentis: J. Funct. Anal. 76(1):110--125, 1988] to the Wigner equation governing the quantum evolution of the Wigner transform of quantum density operators. Our first main results address the case of the Wigner function of a special class of density operators associated to mixed states, whose Hilbert-Schmidt norm is of order $\hbar^{d/2}$, where $d$ is the space dimension and $\hbar$ the reduced Planck constant. In space dimension $d=1$, we prove that the density function belongs to the Sobolev space $H^s(\mathbb R)$ for some $s>0$. In the case of pure states, we first obtain a characterization of the Wigner transform of rank-one quantum density operators, and apply this characterization (1) to analyze a rather general setting in which velocity averaging cannot apply to the Wigner functions of a family of rank-one density operators whose evolution is governed by the von Neumann equation, and (2) to obtain a quick derivation of Madelung's system of quantum hydrodynamic equations. This derivation provides a physical explanation of one key assumption used in the proof of the negative result (1) described above.