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arXiv · 2504.04611

A Bayesian Approach towards Atomically-precise Localization in Fluorescence Microscopy

Yuqin Duan·Qiushi Gu·Hanfeng Wang·Yong Hu·Kevin C. Chen·Matthew E. Trusheim·Dirk R. Englund
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Abstract

Super-resolution microscopy has revolutionized the imaging of complex physical and biological systems by surpassing the Abbe diffraction limit. Recent advancements, particularly in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), have pushed localization below nanometer precision, by applying prior knowledge of correlated fluorescence emission from single emitters. However, achieving a refinement from 1 nm to 1 Angstrom demands a hundred-fold increase in collected photon signal. This quadratic resource scaling imposes a fundamental barrier in SMLM, where the intense photon collection is challenged by photo-bleaching, prolonged integration times, and inherent practical constraints. Here, we break this limit by harnessing the periodic nature of the atomic lattice structure. Applying this discrete grid imaging technique (DIGIT) in a quantum emitter system, we observe an exponential collapse of localization uncertainty once surpassing the host crystal's atomic lattice constant. We further applied DIGIT to a large-scale quantum emitter array, enabling parallel positioning of each emitter through wide-field imaging. Collectively, these advancements establish DIGIT as a competitive tool for achieving unprecedented, precise measurements, ultimately paving the way to direct optical resolution of crystal and atomic features within quantum and biological systems.

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Yuqin Duan, Qiushi Gu, Hanfeng Wang, Yong Hu, Kevin C. Chen, Matthew E. Trusheim, Dirk R. Englund. 2025-04-06. A Bayesian Approach towards Atomically-precise Localization in Fluorescence Microscopy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.04611

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