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arXiv · 2504.10261

Universality, Robustness, and Limits of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis in Open Quantum Systems

Gabriel Almeida·Pedro Ribeiro·Masudul Haque·Lucas Sá
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Abstract

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) underpins much of our modern understanding of the thermalization of closed quantum many-body systems. Here, we investigate the statistical properties of observables in the eigenbasis of the Lindbladian operator of a Markovian open quantum system. We demonstrate the validity of a Lindbladian ETH ansatz through extensive numerical simulations of several physical models. To highlight the robustness of Lindbladian ETH, we consider what we dub the dilute-click regime of the model, in which one postselects only quantum trajectories with a finite fraction of quantum jumps. The average dynamics are generated by a non-trace-preserving Liouvillian, and we show that the Lindbladian ETH ansatz still holds in this case. On the other hand, the no-click limit is a singular point at which the Lindbladian reduces to a doubled non-Hermitian Hamiltonian and Lindbladian ETH breaks down.

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Gabriel Almeida, Pedro Ribeiro, Masudul Haque, Lucas Sá. 2025-04-14. Universality, Robustness, and Limits of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis in Open Quantum Systems. https://doi.org/10.1103/qy19-nc4r

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