Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education

Vansh Gupta; Sankalan Pal Chowdhury; Vilém Zouhar; Donya Rooein; Mrinmaya Sachan

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arXiv · 2504.17720

Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education

Vansh Gupta·Sankalan Pal Chowdhury·Vilém Zouhar·Donya Rooein·Mrinmaya Sachan

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Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in educational settings. These applications expand beyond English, though current LLMs remain primarily English-centric. In this work, we ascertain if their use in education settings in non-English languages is warranted. We evaluated the performance of popular LLMs on four educational tasks: identifying student misconceptions, providing targeted feedback, interactive tutoring, and grading translations in eight languages (Mandarin, Hindi, Arabic, German, Farsi, Telugu, Ukrainian, Czech) in addition to English. We find that the performance on these tasks somewhat corresponds to the amount of language represented in training data, with lower-resource languages having poorer task performance. Although the models perform reasonably well in most languages, the frequent performance drop from English is significant. Thus, we recommend that practitioners first verify that the LLM works well in the target language for their educational task before deployment.

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Vansh Gupta, Sankalan Pal Chowdhury, Vilém Zouhar, Donya Rooein, Mrinmaya Sachan. 2025-04-24. Multilingual Performance Biases of Large Language Models in Education. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17720

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