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arXiv · 2504.18486

Supporting Higher-Order Interactions in Practical Ising Machines

Nafisa Sadaf Prova·Hüsrev Cılasun·Abhimanyu Kumar·Ahmet Efe·Sachin S. Sapatnekar·Ulya R. Karpuzcu
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Abstract

Ising machines as hardware solvers of combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) can efficiently explore large solution spaces due to their inherent parallelism and physics-based dynamics. Many important COP classes such as satisfiability (SAT) assume arbitrary interactions between problem variables, while most Ising machines only support pairwise (second-order) interactions. This necessitates translation of higher-order interactions to pair-wise, which typically results in extra variables not corresponding to problem variables, and a larger problem for the Ising machine to solve than the original problem. This in turn can significantly increase time-to-solution and/or degrade solution accuracy. In this paper, considering a representative CMOS-compatible class of Ising machines, we propose a practical design to enable direct hardware support for higher order interactions. By minimizing the overhead of problem translation and mapping, our design leads to up to 4x lower time-to-solution without compromising solution accuracy.

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Nafisa Sadaf Prova, Hüsrev Cılasun, Abhimanyu Kumar, Ahmet Efe, Sachin S. Sapatnekar, Ulya R. Karpuzcu. 2025-04-25. Supporting Higher-Order Interactions in Practical Ising Machines. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18486

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