Steady three-dimensional rotational flows: existence via Kato's approach to locally coercive problems

Abstract

Stationary flows of an inviscid and incompressible fluid of constant density in the region $D=(0, L)\times \mathbb R^2$, periodic in the second and third variables, are considered. The flux and the Bernoulli function are prescribed at each point of the boundary $\partial D$. The previous existence proof relying on the Nash-Moser iteration scheme is replaced by an adaptation of Kato's approach to locally coercive problems, allowing a more precise statement: the regularity required in Sobolev spaces is the one needed to ensure a basic local coercivity property, and there is a loss of control of only two derivatives in the obtained solutions. The underlying variational structure gives an additional property: the obtained solutions are local minimizers of an integral functional. The strategy of proof is first developed for a simpler nonlinear partial differential equation in two variables which satisfies a weaker form of ellipticity.