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arXiv · 2505.04083

Plexus: Taming Billion-edge Graphs with 3D Parallel Full-graph GNN Training

Aditya K. Ranjan·Siddharth Singh·Cunyang Wei·Abhinav Bhatele
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Abstract

Graph neural networks (GNNs) leverage the connectivity and structure of real-world graphs to learn intricate properties and relationships between nodes. Many real-world graphs exceed the memory capacity of a GPU due to their sheer size, and training GNNs on such graphs requires techniques such as mini-batch sampling to scale. The alternative approach of distributed full-graph training suffers from high communication overheads and load imbalance due to the irregular structure of graphs. We propose a three-dimensional (3D) parallel approach for full-graph training that tackles these issues and scales to billion-edge graphs. In addition, we introduce optimizations such as a double permutation scheme for load balancing, and a performance model to predict the optimal 3D configuration of our parallel implementation -- Plexus. We evaluate Plexus on six different graph datasets and show scaling results on up to 2048 GPUs of Perlmutter, and 1024 GPUs of Frontier. Plexus achieves unprecedented speedups of 2.3-12.5x over prior state of the art, and a reduction in time-to-solution by 5.2-8.7x on Perlmutter and 7.0-54.2x on Frontier.

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Aditya K. Ranjan, Siddharth Singh, Cunyang Wei, Abhinav Bhatele. 2025-05-07. Plexus: Taming Billion-edge Graphs with 3D Parallel Full-graph GNN Training. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04083

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