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arXiv · 2505.21830

Primordial black holes from Q-balls produced in a first-order phase transition

James B. Dent·Bhaskar Dutta·Jason Kumar·Danny Marfatia
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Abstract

We consider the formation of Q-balls in false vacuum remnants during a cosmological first-order phase transition. We find that under certain circumstances Q-balls can collapse to form primordial black holes. This scenario can produce multimessenger signals that may be observed at upcoming experiments, including 1-100 nHz gravitational waves from the phase transition, and gamma-rays emitted from primordial black holes as Hawking radiation and as superradiance. These signals are quite distinctive, and differ markedly from signals expected from Fermi-balls. The reheating of the dark sector from the phase transition may address the Hubble tension.

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James B. Dent, Bhaskar Dutta, Jason Kumar, Danny Marfatia. 2025-05-27. Primordial black holes from Q-balls produced in a first-order phase transition. https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21830

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