Exploring Explanations Improves the Robustness of In-Context Learning

Ukyo Honda; Tatsushi Oka

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arXiv · 2506.02378

Exploring Explanations Improves the Robustness of In-Context Learning

Ukyo Honda·Tatsushi Oka

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Abstract

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a successful paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs). However, it often struggles to generalize beyond the distribution of the provided demonstrations. A recent advancement in enhancing robustness is ICL with explanations (X-ICL), which improves prediction reliability by guiding LLMs to understand and articulate the reasoning behind correct labels. Building on this approach, we introduce an advanced framework that extends X-ICL by systematically exploring explanations for all possible labels (X$^2$-ICL), thereby enabling more comprehensive and robust decision-making. Experimental results on multiple natural language understanding datasets validate the effectiveness of X$^2$-ICL, demonstrating significantly improved robustness to out-of-distribution data compared to the existing ICL approaches.

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Ukyo Honda, Tatsushi Oka. 2025-06-03. Exploring Explanations Improves the Robustness of In-Context Learning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02378

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