Hydrodynamic Insight Drives Multimodal Light_Field Dynamics via Streamline Engineering

Abstract

Since the 1970s, analogies between laser dynamics and fluid systems have provided insight into phenomena such as chaos, multistability, and turbulence. Building on this perspective, we model the optical field as an energy fluid and interpret Poynting-vector trajectories as energy streamlines, yielding a unified, three_dimensional map of light's free-space dynamics. By sculpting these streamlines, we develop an approach to talior vortex-beam propagation dynamics that suppresses both diffraction- and OAM-induced broadening. Extending this method to general structured modes, we enable a single field to exhibit customizable multimodal dynamics that integrate features from primary structured light families: the diffraction-free, self-healing behavior of Bessel beams; the tunable self-similarity of Laguerre-Gaussian beams and adjustable self-acceleration of Airy beams. Additionally, it allows for adjustable propagating energy-density profiles to counteract losses. Optical-tweezer experiments,analogous to particle-tracking velocimetry in fluid dynamics, show that trapped microspheres closely follow the designed streamlines, validating the streamline geometries and indicating a potential route toward precision 3D optomechanical control. In a proof-of-principle free-space communication experiment, vortex beams with customized multimodal dynamics demonstrate several improvements, including more independent channels, reduced turbulence-induced mode scattering, and robust non-line-of-sight transmission. Together, the streamline-engineering approach offers a unified and adaptable strategy for tailoring light's propagation dynamics, with potential applications in precision optomechanics, optofluidics, and advanced optical networking.