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arXiv · 2507.12596

Keep the beat going: Automatic drum transcription with momentum

Alisha L. Foster·Robert J. Webber
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Abstract

How can we process a piece of recorded music to detect and visualize the onset of each instrument? A simple, interpretable approach is based on partially fixed nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). Yet despite the method's simplicity, partially fixed NMF is challenging to apply because the associated optimization problem is high-dimensional and non-convex. This paper explores two optimization approaches that preserve the nonnegative structure, including a multiplicative update rule and projected gradient descent with momentum. These techniques are derived from the previous literature, but they have not been fully developed for partially fixed NMF before now. Results indicate that projected gradient descent with momentum leads to the higher accuracy among the two methods, and it satisfies stronger local convergence guarantees.

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Alisha L. Foster, Robert J. Webber. 2025-07-16. Keep the beat going: Automatic drum transcription with momentum. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12596

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