Long-term behaviour of the primitive equations with wind-driven boundary conditions: Convergence to the Ekman spiral

Tim Binz

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arXiv · 2507.20031

Long-term behaviour of the primitive equations with wind-driven boundary conditions: Convergence to the Ekman spiral

Tim Binz

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Abstract

In this article we investigate the long-term behaviour of the 3D incompressible, primitive equations with wind-driven boundary conditions and Coriolis force. We show that every solution converges exponentially fast to the Ekman spiral as $t \to + \infty$. In particular, this implies that the Ekman spiral is the unique equilibrium of the system.

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Tim Binz. 2025-07-26. Long-term behaviour of the primitive equations with wind-driven boundary conditions: Convergence to the Ekman spiral. https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20031

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