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arXiv · 2508.13412

Prospects for the formation of GW231123 from the AGN channel

V. Delfavero·S. Ray·H. E. Cook·K. Nathaniel·B. McKernan·K. E. S. Ford·J. Postiglione·E. McPike·R. O'Shaughnessy
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Abstract

The recent binary black hole (BBH) merger GW231123 consisted of the merger of two intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) which appear to have large spin magnitudes. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are very promising environments for IMBH mergers and growth due to high escape velocities. Here we demonstrate how GW231123 can be produced in the AGN channel. Using the McFACTS code, we explore the impact of various choices of the black hole (BH) initial mass function (IMF) on predicted mass and spin magnitudes of BBH mergers from the AGN dynamical formation channel. By integrating the likelihood function for GW231123 with the detectable BBH population predicted from AGN using McFACTS, we demonstrate that GW231123 is consistent with a dynamical BBH merger from the AGN channel. We also postulate that the masses and spin magnitudes of GW231123 are most consistent with a merger of fourth and third generation BHs, for most choices of a segregated BH IMF and AGN lifetime.

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V. Delfavero, S. Ray, H. E. Cook, K. Nathaniel, B. McKernan, K. E. S. Ford, J. Postiglione, E. McPike, R. O'Shaughnessy. 2025-08-19. Prospects for the formation of GW231123 from the AGN channel. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.13412

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