GRILE: A Benchmark for Grammar Reasoning and Explanation in Romanian LLMs

Adrian-Marius Dumitran; Alexandra-Mihaela Danila; Angela-Liliana Dumitran

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arXiv · 2508.14279

GRILE: A Benchmark for Grammar Reasoning and Explanation in Romanian LLMs

Adrian-Marius Dumitran·Alexandra-Mihaela Danila·Angela-Liliana Dumitran

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Abstract

LLMs (Large language models) have revolutionized NLP (Natural Language Processing), yet their pedagogical value for low-resource languages remains unclear. We present GRILE (Grammar Romanian Inference and Language Explanations) , the first open benchmark of 1,151 multiple-choice questions harvested from Romanian high-stakes exams (National Evaluation, Baccalaureate, university admissions). GRILE enables us to probe two complementary abilities of seven state-of-the-art multilingual and Romanian-specific LLMs: (i) selecting the correct answer, and (ii) producing linguistically accurate explanations. While Gemini 2.5 Pro reaches 83% accuracy, most open-weight models stay below 65%, and 48% of their explanations contain factual or pedagogical flaws according to expert review. A detailed error analysis pinpoints systematic weaknesses in morphology and in applying the latest DOOM3 orthographic norms. All data, code and a public web demo are released to catalyze future research. Our findings expose open challenges for trustworthy educational NLP in low-resource settings and establish GRILE as a new test-bed for controllable explanation generation and evaluation.

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Adrian-Marius Dumitran, Alexandra-Mihaela Danila, Angela-Liliana Dumitran. 2025-08-19. GRILE: A Benchmark for Grammar Reasoning and Explanation in Romanian LLMs. https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14279

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