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arXiv · 2509.00596

Parallel Application of Slitless Spectroscopy to Analyze Galaxy Evolution (PASSAGE): Survey Overview

Matthew A. Malkan·Vihang Mehta·Ayan Acharyya·Hollis Akins·Anahita Alavi·Hakim Atek·Ivano Baronchelli·Andrew J. Battisti·Kit Boyett·Marusa Bradac·Sean Tyler Bruton·Andrew Bunker·Adam J. Burgasser·Caitlin Casey·Nuo Chen·James Colbert·Y. Sophia Dai·Max Franco·Clea Hannahs·Santosh Harish·Farhanul Hasan·Matthew James Hayes·Alaina L. Henry·Mason Huberty·Jeyhan Kartaltepe·Keunho J. Kim·Nicha Leethochawalit·Jacob Levine·Sijia Li·Yu-Heng Lin·Yiaxiao Liu·Charlotte Mason·Daniel Masters·Henry McCracken·Takahiro Morishita·Kalina Nedkova·Marc Rafelski·Vivasvaan Aditya Raj·Guido Roberts-Borsani·Axel Runnholm·Michael James Rutkowski·Alberto Saldana-Lopez·Zahra Sattari Claudia Scarlata·Kasper Borello Schmidt·Marko Shuntov·Harry Teplitz·Michele Trenti·Tommaso Treu·Benedetta Vulcani·Peter J. Watson·Xin Wang·Zhuyun Zhuang
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Abstract

During the second half of Cycle 1 of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), we conducted the Parallel Application of Slitless Spectroscopy to Analyze Galaxy Evolution (PASSAGE) program. PASSAGE received the largest allocation of JWST observing time in Cycle 1, 591 hours of NIRISS observations to obtain direct near-IR imaging and slitless spectroscopy. About two thirds of these were ultimately executed, to observe 63 high-latitude fields in Pure Parallel mode. These have provided more than ten thousand near-infrared grism spectrograms of faint galaxies. PASSAGE brings unique advantages in studying galaxy evolution: A) Unbiased spectroscopic search, without prior photometric pre-selection. By including the most numerous galaxies, with low masses and strong emission lines, slitless spectroscopy is the indispensable complement to any pre-targeted spectroscopy; B) The combination of several dozen independent fields to overcome cosmic variance; C) Near-infrared spectral coverage, often spanning the full range from 1.0--2.3 $\mu$m, with minimal wavelength gaps, to measure multiple diagnostic rest-frame optical lines, minimizing sensitivity to dust reddening; D) JWST's unprecedented spatial resolution, in some cases using two orthogonal grism orientations, to overcome contamination due to blending of overlapping spectra; E) Discovery of rare bright objects especially for detailed JWST followup. PASSAGE data are public immediately, and our team plans to deliver fully-processed high-level data products. In this PASSAGE overview, we describe the survey and data quality, and present examples of these accomplishments in several areas of current interest in the evolution of emission-line galaxy properties, particularly at low masses.

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Matthew A. Malkan, Vihang Mehta, Ayan Acharyya, Hollis Akins, Anahita Alavi, Hakim Atek, Ivano Baronchelli, Andrew J. Battisti, Kit Boyett, Marusa Bradac, Sean Tyler Bruton, Andrew Bunker, Adam J. Burgasser, Caitlin Casey, Nuo Chen, James Colbert, Y. Sophia Dai, Max Franco, Clea Hannahs, Santosh Harish, Farhanul Hasan, Matthew James Hayes, Alaina L. Henry, Mason Huberty, Jeyhan Kartaltepe, Keunho J. Kim, Nicha Leethochawalit, Jacob Levine, Sijia Li, Yu-Heng Lin, Yiaxiao Liu, Charlotte Mason, Daniel Masters, Henry McCracken, Takahiro Morishita, Kalina Nedkova, Marc Rafelski, Vivasvaan Aditya Raj, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Axel Runnholm, Michael James Rutkowski, Alberto Saldana-Lopez, Zahra Sattari Claudia Scarlata, Kasper Borello Schmidt, Marko Shuntov, Harry Teplitz, Michele Trenti, Tommaso Treu, Benedetta Vulcani, Peter J. Watson, Xin Wang, Zhuyun Zhuang. 2025-08-30. Parallel Application of Slitless Spectroscopy to Analyze Galaxy Evolution (PASSAGE): Survey Overview. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.00596

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