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arXiv · 2509.02503

L3Cube-IndicHeadline-ID: A Dataset for Headline Identification and Semantic Evaluation in Low-Resource Indian Languages

Nishant Tanksale·Tanmay Kokate·Darshan Gohad·Sarvadnyaa Barate·Raviraj Joshi
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Abstract

Semantic evaluation in low-resource languages remains a major challenge in NLP. While sentence transformers have shown strong performance in high-resource settings, their effectiveness in Indic languages is underexplored due to a lack of high-quality benchmarks. To bridge this gap, we introduce L3Cube-IndicHeadline-ID, a curated headline identification dataset spanning ten low-resource Indic languages: Marathi, Hindi, Tamil, Gujarati, Odia, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Telugu, Bengali and English. Each language includes 20,000 news articles paired with four headline variants: the original, a semantically similar version, a lexically similar version, and an unrelated one, designed to test fine-grained semantic understanding. The task requires selecting the correct headline from the options using article-headline similarity. We benchmark several sentence transformers, including multilingual and language-specific models, using cosine similarity. Results show that multilingual models consistently perform well, while language-specific models vary in effectiveness. Given the rising use of similarity models in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines, this dataset also serves as a valuable resource for evaluating and improving semantic understanding in such applications. Additionally, the dataset can be repurposed for multiple-choice question answering, headline classification, or other task-specific evaluations of LLMs, making it a versatile benchmark for Indic NLP. The dataset is shared publicly at https://github.com/l3cube-pune/indic-nlp

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Nishant Tanksale, Tanmay Kokate, Darshan Gohad, Sarvadnyaa Barate, Raviraj Joshi. 2025-09-02. L3Cube-IndicHeadline-ID: A Dataset for Headline Identification and Semantic Evaluation in Low-Resource Indian Languages. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02503

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