Real-Time RAG for the Identification of Supply Chain Vulnerabilities

Jesse Ponnock; Grace Kenneally; Michael Robert Briggs; Elinor Yeo; Tyrone Patterson III; Nicholas Kinberg; Matthew Kalinowski; David Hechtman

arXiv · 2509.10469

Real-Time RAG for the Identification of Supply Chain Vulnerabilities

Jesse Ponnock·Grace Kenneally·Michael Robert Briggs·Elinor Yeo·Tyrone Patterson III·Nicholas Kinberg·Matthew Kalinowski·David Hechtman

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Abstract

New technologies in generative AI can enable deeper analysis into our nation's supply chains but truly informative insights require the continual updating and aggregation of massive data in a timely manner. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer unprecedented analytical opportunities however, their knowledge base is constrained to the models' last training date, rendering these capabilities unusable for organizations whose mission impacts rely on emerging and timely information. This research proposes an innovative approach to supply chain analysis by integrating emerging Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) preprocessing and retrieval techniques with advanced web-scraping technologies. Our method aims to reduce latency in incorporating new information into an augmented-LLM, enabling timely analysis of supply chain disruptors. Through experimentation, this study evaluates the combinatorial effects of these techniques towards timeliness and quality trade-offs. Our results suggest that in applying RAG systems to supply chain analysis, fine-tuning the embedding retrieval model consistently provides the most significant performance gains, underscoring the critical importance of retrieval quality. Adaptive iterative retrieval, which dynamically adjusts retrieval depth based on context, further enhances performance, especially on complex supply chain queries. Conversely, fine-tuning the LLM yields limited improvements and higher resource costs, while techniques such as downward query abstraction significantly outperforms upward abstraction in practice.

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Jesse Ponnock, Grace Kenneally, Michael Robert Briggs, Elinor Yeo, Tyrone Patterson III, Nicholas Kinberg, Matthew Kalinowski, David Hechtman. 2025-08-23. Real-Time RAG for the Identification of Supply Chain Vulnerabilities. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10469

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