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arXiv · 2509.24764

Quantum superconducting diode effect with perfect efficiency above liquid-nitrogen temperature

Heng Wang·Yuying Zhu·Zhonghua Bai·Zhaozheng Lyu·Jiangang Yang·Lin Zhao·X. J. Zhou·Genda Gu·Qi-Kun Xue·Ding Zhang
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Abstract

The superconducting diode is an emergent device that juggles between the Cooper-paired state and the resistive state with unpaired quasiparticles. Here, we report a quantum version of the superconducting diode, which operates solely between Cooper-paired states. This type of quantum superconducting diode takes advantage of quantized Shapiro steps for digitized outputs. The devices consist of twisted high-temperature cuprate superconductors, and exhibit the following distinguished characteristics: (1) a non-reciprocal diode behavior can be simply initiated by current training without applying an external magnetic field; (2) perfect diode efficiency is achieved under microwave irradiations at a record-high working temperature; (3) the quantized nature of the output offers high resilience against input noises. These features open up unprecedented opportunities toward developing practical dissipationless quantum circuits.

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Heng Wang, Yuying Zhu, Zhonghua Bai, Zhaozheng Lyu, Jiangang Yang, Lin Zhao, X. J. Zhou, Genda Gu, Qi-Kun Xue, Ding Zhang. 2025-09-29. Quantum superconducting diode effect with perfect efficiency above liquid-nitrogen temperature. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24764

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