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arXiv · 2509.26406

An Annotation Scheme for Factuality and its Application to Parliamentary Proceedings

Gili Goldin·Shira Wigderson·Ella Rabinovich·Shuly Wintner
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Abstract

Factuality assesses the extent to which a language utterance relates to real-world information; it determines whether utterances correspond to facts, possibilities, or imaginary situations, and as such, it is instrumental for fact checking. Factuality is a complex notion that relies on multiple linguistic signals, and has been studied in various disciplines. We present a complex, multi-faceted annotation scheme of factuality that combines concepts from a variety of previous works. We developed the scheme for Hebrew, but we trust that it can be adapted to other languages. We also present a set of almost 5,000 sentences in the domain of parliamentary discourse that we manually annotated according to this scheme. We report on inter-annotator agreement, and experiment with various approaches to automatically predict (some features of) the scheme, in order to extend the annotation to a large corpus.

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Gili Goldin, Shira Wigderson, Ella Rabinovich, Shuly Wintner. 2025-09-30. An Annotation Scheme for Factuality and its Application to Parliamentary Proceedings. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.26406

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