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arXiv · 2510.02690

Implications of a Weakening N = 126 Shell Closure Away from Stability for r-Process Astrophysical Conditions

Mengke Li·Gail C. McLaughlin·Rebecca Surman
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Abstract

The formation of the third r-process abundance peak near A = 195 is highly sensitive to both nuclear structure far from stability and the astrophysical conditions that produce the heaviest elements. In particular, the N = 126 shell closure plays a crucial role in shaping this peak. Experimental data hints that the shell weakens as proton number departs from Z = 82, a trend largely missed by global mass models. To investigate its impact on r-process nucleosynthesis, we employ both standard global models with strong closures and modified Duflo-Zuker (DZ) models that reproduce the weakening, combined with three sets of beta minus decay rates. Strong shell closures generate sharply peaked abundances, whereas weakened closures consistent with the experimental trend produce broader, flatter patterns. Accurately reproducing the solar third peak under weakened shell strength requires highly neutron-rich conditions (Ye <= 0.175) and slower decay rates. These results demonstrate that a weakening N = 126 shell closure away from stability imposes significant constraints on the astrophysical environments of the r-process and underscores the need for precise mass measurements and improved characterization of beta minus decay properties in this region.

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Mengke Li, Gail C. McLaughlin, Rebecca Surman. 2025-10-03. Implications of a Weakening N = 126 Shell Closure Away from Stability for r-Process Astrophysical Conditions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.02690

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