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arXiv · 2510.06996

Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities

H. Roch·G. Pihan·A. Monnai·S. Ryu·N. Senthilkumar·J. Staudenmaier·H. Elfner·B. Schenke·J. H. Putschke·C. Shen·S. A. Bass·M. Chartier·Y. Chen·R. Datta·R. Dolan·L. Du·R. Ehlers·R. J. Fries·C. Gale·D. A. Hangal·B. V. Jacak·P. M. Jacobs·S. Jeon·Y. Ji·F. Jonas·M. Kordell II·A. Kumar·R. Kunnawalkam-Elayavalli·J. Latessa·Y. -J. Lee·M. Luzum·A. Majumder·S. Mak·A. Mankolli·C. Martin·H. Mehryar·T. Mengel·C. Nattrass·J. Norman·M. Ockleton·C. Parker·J. -F. Paquet·G. Roland·L. Schwiebert·A. Sengupta·M. Singh·C. Sirimanna·R. A. Soltz·I. Soudi·Y. Tachibana·J. Velkovska·G. Vujanovic·X. -N. Wang·X. Wu·J. Zhang·W. Zhao
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Abstract

We employ the SMASH transport model to provide event-by-event initial conditions for the energy-momentum tensor and conserved charge currents in hydrodynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We study the fluctuations and dynamical evolution of three conserved charge currents (net baryon, net electric charges, and net strangeness) with a 4D lattice-QCD-based equation of state, NEOS-4D, in the hydrodynamic phase. Out-of-equilibrium corrections at the particlization are generalized to finite densities to ensure the conservation of energy, momentum, and the three types of charges. These theoretical developments are integrated within the X-SCAPE code as a unified framework for studying the nuclear matter properties in the Beam Energy Scan program.

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H. Roch, G. Pihan, A. Monnai, S. Ryu, N. Senthilkumar, J. Staudenmaier, H. Elfner, B. Schenke, J. H. Putschke, C. Shen, S. A. Bass, M. Chartier, Y. Chen, R. Datta, R. Dolan, L. Du, R. Ehlers, R. J. Fries, C. Gale, D. A. Hangal, B. V. Jacak, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jeon, Y. Ji, F. Jonas, M. Kordell II, A. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam-Elayavalli, J. Latessa, Y. -J. Lee, M. Luzum, A. Majumder, S. Mak, A. Mankolli, C. Martin, H. Mehryar, T. Mengel, C. Nattrass, J. Norman, M. Ockleton, C. Parker, J. -F. Paquet, G. Roland, L. Schwiebert, A. Sengupta, M. Singh, C. Sirimanna, R. A. Soltz, I. Soudi, Y. Tachibana, J. Velkovska, G. Vujanovic, X. -N. Wang, X. Wu, J. Zhang, W. Zhao. 2025-10-08. Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities. https://doi.org/10.1103/nvyy-kxhd

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