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arXiv · 2510.08018

Twist-tuned exchange and hysteresis in a bilayer van der Waals magnet

Priyanka Mondal·Sonu Verma·Wenze Lan·Lukas Krelle·Ryan Tan·Regine von Klitzing·Kenji Watanabe·Takashi Taniguchi·Kseniia Mosina·Zdenek Sofer·Akashdeep Kamra·Bernhard Urbaszek
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Abstract

Moir\'e superlattices in twisted bilayers enable profound reconstructions of the electronic bandstructure, giving rise to correlated states with remarkable tunability. Extending this paradigm to van der Waals magnets, twisting creates spatially varying interlayer exchange interactions that stabilize emergent spin textures and the coexistence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains. Here, we demonstrate the emergence of robust magnetic hysteresis in bilayer CrSBr upon twisting by an angle of ~ 3{\deg}. This is observed as the corresponding hysteretic evolution of the exciton energy, that directly correlates with the bilayer magnetic state, in magnetic field dependent photoluminescence measurements. A two-sublattice model captures this behavior, attributing it to the twist-induced reduction of interlayer exchange that stabilizes both parallel and antiparallel spin configurations across a broad field range. Comparison with experiment enables quantitative extraction of the effective exchange strength. Remarkably, the system exhibits coherent averaging across the moir\'e supercell, yielding an effective monodomain response characterized by switching into the antiferromagnetic state, rather than forming spin textures or fragmented domains. Spatially resolved measurements further uncover local variations in hysteresis loops, consistent with position-dependent modulation of the average exchange interaction. Our results establish twist engineering as a powerful route to programmable magnetic memories in two-dimensional magnets, harnessing the robustness of antiferromagnetic order.

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Priyanka Mondal, Sonu Verma, Wenze Lan, Lukas Krelle, Ryan Tan, Regine von Klitzing, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Kseniia Mosina, Zdenek Sofer, Akashdeep Kamra, Bernhard Urbaszek. 2025-10-09. Twist-tuned exchange and hysteresis in a bilayer van der Waals magnet. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-75186-3

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