Co-TAP: Three-Layer Agent Interaction Protocol Technical Report

Shunyu An; Miao Wang; Yongchao Li; Dong Wan; Lina Wang; Ling Qin; Liqin Gao; Congyao Fan; Zhiyong Mao; Jiange Pu; Wenji Xia; Dong Zhao; Zhaohui Hao; Rui Hu; Ji Lu; Guiyue Zhou; Baoyu Tang; Yanqin Gao; Yongsheng Du; Daigang Xu; Lingjun Huang; Baoli Wang; Xiwen Zhang; Luyao Wang; Shilong Liu

arXiv · 2510.08263

Co-TAP: Three-Layer Agent Interaction Protocol Technical Report

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Abstract

This paper proposes Co-TAP (T: Triple, A: Agent, P: Protocol), a three-layer agent interaction protocol designed to address the challenges faced by multi-agent systems across the three core dimensions of Interoperability, Interaction and Collaboration, and Knowledge Sharing. We have designed and proposed a layered solution composed of three core protocols: the Human-Agent Interaction Protocol (HAI), the Unified Agent Protocol (UAP), and the Memory-Extraction-Knowledge Protocol (MEK). HAI focuses on the interaction layer, standardizing the flow of information between users, interfaces, and agents by defining a standardized, event-driven communication paradigm. This ensures the real-time performance, reliability, and synergy of interactions. As the core of the infrastructure layer, UAP is designed to break down communication barriers among heterogeneous agents through unified service discovery and protocol conversion mechanisms, thereby enabling seamless interconnection and interoperability of the underlying network. MEK, in turn, operates at the cognitive layer. By establishing a standardized ''Memory (M) - Extraction (E) - Knowledge (K)'' cognitive chain, it empowers agents with the ability to learn from individual experiences and form shareable knowledge, thereby laying the foundation for the realization of true collective intelligence. We believe this protocol framework will provide a solid engineering foundation and theoretical guidance for building the next generation of efficient, scalable, and intelligent multi-agent applications.

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Shunyu An, Miao Wang, Yongchao Li, Dong Wan, Lina Wang, Ling Qin, Liqin Gao, Congyao Fan, Zhiyong Mao, Jiange Pu, Wenji Xia, Dong Zhao, Zhaohui Hao, Rui Hu, Ji Lu, Guiyue Zhou, Baoyu Tang, Yanqin Gao, Yongsheng Du, Daigang Xu, Lingjun Huang, Baoli Wang, Xiwen Zhang, Luyao Wang, Shilong Liu. 2025-10-09. Co-TAP: Three-Layer Agent Interaction Protocol Technical Report. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.08263

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