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arXiv · 2510.16870

Uncovering Brain-Like Hierarchical Patterns in Vision-Language Models through fMRI-Based Neural Encoding

Yudan Ren·Xinlong Wang·Kexin Wang·Tian Xia·Zihan Ma·Zhaowei Li·Xiangrong Bi·Xiao Li·Xiaowei He
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Abstract

While brain-inspired artificial intelligence(AI) has demonstrated promising results, current understanding of the parallels between artificial neural networks (ANNs) and human brain processing remains limited: (1) unimodal ANN studies fail to capture the brain's inherent multimodal processing capabilities, and (2) multimodal ANN research primarily focuses on high-level model outputs, neglecting the crucial role of individual neurons. To address these limitations, we propose a novel neuron-level analysis framework that investigates the multimodal information processing mechanisms in vision-language models (VLMs) through the lens of human brain activity. Our approach uniquely combines fine-grained artificial neuron (AN) analysis with fMRI-based voxel encoding to examine two architecturally distinct VLMs: CLIP and METER. Our analysis reveals four key findings: (1) ANs successfully predict biological neurons (BNs) activities across multiple functional networks (including language, vision, attention, and default mode), demonstrating shared representational mechanisms; (2) Both ANs and BNs demonstrate functional redundancy through overlapping neural representations, mirroring the brain's fault-tolerant and collaborative information processing mechanisms; (3) ANs exhibit polarity patterns that parallel the BNs, with oppositely activated BNs showing mirrored activation trends across VLM layers, reflecting the complexity and bidirectional nature of neural information processing; (4) The architectures of CLIP and METER drive distinct BNs: CLIP's independent branches show modality-specific specialization, whereas METER's cross-modal design yields unified cross-modal activation, highlighting the architecture's influence on ANN brain-like properties. These results provide compelling evidence for brain-like hierarchical processing in VLMs at the neuronal level.

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Yudan Ren, Xinlong Wang, Kexin Wang, Tian Xia, Zihan Ma, Zhaowei Li, Xiangrong Bi, Xiao Li, Xiaowei He. 2025-10-19. Uncovering Brain-Like Hierarchical Patterns in Vision-Language Models through fMRI-Based Neural Encoding. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16870

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