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arXiv · 2510.24858

PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-domain Field III

Ross Silver·Francesca Civano·Xiurui Zhao·Samantha Creech·Christopher N. A. Willmer·S. P. Willner·Rogier A. Windhorst·Haojing Yan·Anton M. Koekemoer·Rosalia O'Brien·Rafael Ortiz III·Rolf A. Jansen·W. Peter Maksym·Nico Cappelluti·Francesca Fornasini·Timothy Carleton·Seth H. Cohen·Rachel Honor·Jake Summers·Jordan C. J. D'Silva·Sibasish Laha·Dan Coe·Christopher J. Conselice·Jose M. Diego·Simon P. Driver·Brenda Frye·Norman A. Grogin·Madeline A. Marshall·Nor Pirzkal·Aaron Robotham·Russell E. Ryan Jr
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Abstract

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) Time-Domain Field (TDF) has been monitored by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton with a regular cadence for five years starting in 2019. The survey has accumulated 3.5Ms of NuSTAR exposure and 228 ks quasi-simultaneous XMM-Newton observations covering 0.31 deg^2. This paper presents the results from the most recent two-years' 2Ms NuSTAR and 166 ks XMM observations in NuSTAR cycles 8 and 9. These observations reached a 20%-area flux of 2.20 x 10^-14 erg cm^-2 s^-1 in the 8-24 keV band. 75 NuSTAR sources and 274 XMM-Newton sources are detected at 99% reliability level. The logN-logS measured in cycles 8+9 are consistent with those measured in the previous cycle 5+6 NuSTAR NEP survey, but in a larger area (0.3 deg^2 compared with 0.19 deg^2). The slope of the cycles 8+9 8-24 keV logN-logS curve is flatter than other works ({\alpha}89 = 1.13 +/- 0.46), but is consistent with the Euclidean value of {\alpha} = 1.50. In addition, we found ~36% of the NuSTAR sources to be heavily obscured (NH >= 10^23 cm^-2). The Compton-thick (NH >= 10^24 cm^-2) (CT-) AGN fraction is 9+18-8% in the NEP-TDF, which is consistent with the measurements in previous surveys.

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Ross Silver, Francesca Civano, Xiurui Zhao, Samantha Creech, Christopher N. A. Willmer, S. P. Willner, Rogier A. Windhorst, Haojing Yan, Anton M. Koekemoer, Rosalia O'Brien, Rafael Ortiz III, Rolf A. Jansen, W. Peter Maksym, Nico Cappelluti, Francesca Fornasini, Timothy Carleton, Seth H. Cohen, Rachel Honor, Jake Summers, Jordan C. J. D'Silva, Sibasish Laha, Dan Coe, Christopher J. Conselice, Jose M. Diego, Simon P. Driver, Brenda Frye, Norman A. Grogin, Madeline A. Marshall, Nor Pirzkal, Aaron Robotham, Russell E. Ryan Jr. 2025-10-28. PEARLS: NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Extragalactic Survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-domain Field III. https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.24858

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